Junipers come coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Based in taxonomical viewpoint, there are between 50-67 metal money of juniper, widely distributed throughout a northern hemisphere, from either a arctic, south to tropical Africa in the Old World, & to the mountains of Central America in the New Globe.

Junipers alter within size & shape from either tall trees to 20-40 m tall, to columnar or moo diffusive shrubs with long trailing branches. It is evergreen with either needle-such as and/or shell-like leaves. It may be either monoecious or dioecious. A female seed cones are very distinctive, with heavy, fruit-like coalescing scales which fuse together to form the "berry"-such as structure, Four-27 millimetre yearn, by owning One-12 unwinged, stiff-shelled seeds. Around a few mintage these "berries" come red-dark brown or even orange however inside virtually all it is blue; it is typically redolent (for their have as a spice, see Juniperus communis). A seed maturation period varies between mintage from either 6-A year and a half fallowing pollenation. A male cones come similar to people of more Cupressaceae, by having 6-20 scales; virtually all shed their pollen within early spring, however a select few metal money pollinate in the fall.

Several junipers (e.g. J. chinensis, J. virginiana) develop ii types of leaves: seedlings & occasionally sprig of older trees st& needle-rather leaves Five-25 millimetre long; & a leaves in matured plants come (mostly) bantam (Two-Four millimeter long), imbrication and shell-such as. Whilst puerile foliage occurs in matured plants, these are virtually all typically encountered in shaded shoots, sustaining fully grown foliage fully sunshine. Leaves in convenient-aggressive 'whip' shoots come typically medium between juvenile person & adult.

Around occasionally coinage (e.g. J. communis, J. squamata), all the foliage is of the juvenile person needle-rather nature and severity, by owning there are no scale. Inside a select few one (e.g. J. communis), a needles come jointed at a base, within others (e.g. J. squamata), a needles merge smoothly sustaining a stem, non existence jointed.

A needle-leaves of junipers come firm & sharply, making a adolescent foliage super prickly to manage. This can be a worthful identification feature inside seedlings, when a otherwise super similar puerile foliage of cypresses (Cupressus, Chamaecyparis) & more related genera is easy and non prickly.

Classification
A total of juniper coinage is disputed, by owning ii recent studies returning super different numbers, Farjon (2001) accepting 52 metal money, & Adams (2004) accepting 67 metal money. A junipers come divided into many sections, though (particularly among a shell-leaved mintage) which coinage belong to which sections is however far from either clear, sustaining search however in-on-going. A subdivision Juniperus an perceptible monophyletic group though.

'''Juniperus sect. Juniperus:' Needle-leaf junipers. A full-grown leaves come needle-prefer, around whorls of trio, & jointed at a base (understand in the image below perfect). Juniperus sect. Juniperus subsect. Juniperus: Cones sustaining Iii separate seeds; needles by using a single stomatal band. Juniperus communis - Common Juniper Juniperus communis subsp. alpina - Alpine Juniper Juniperus conferta - Shore Juniper (syn. J. rigida volt-ampere. conferta) Juniperus rigida - Temple Juniper or Needle Juniper Juniperus sect. Juniperus subsect. Oxycedrus: Cones by having Ternion separate seeds; needles sustaining deuce stomatal elastic. Juniperus brevifolia - Azores Juniper Juniperus cedrus - Canary Islands Juniper Juniperus deltoides - Eastern Prickly Juniper Juniperus formosana - Chinese Prickly Juniper Juniperus luchuensis - Ryukyu Juniper Juniperus navicularis - Portuguese Prickly Juniper Juniperus oxycedrus - Western Prickly Juniper or even Cade Juniper Juniperus macrocarpa (J. oxycedrus subsp. macrocarpa) - Prominent-berry Juniper Juniperus sect. Juniperus subsect. Caryocedrus: Cones using Ternary seeds fused together; needles by using deuce stomatal elastic. Juniperus drupacea - Syrian Juniper

'Juniperus sect. Sabina:' Shell-leaf junipers. A grownup leaves come mostly shell-such as, similar to victims of Cupressus species, in paired pairs or even whorls of terzetto, & a juvenile person needle-prefer leaves are non jointed at a base (including in the pack that use simply needle-rather leaves; understand beneath perfect). Provisionally, all the more junipers come involved on this text, though it form the paraphyletic group. Juniperus angosturana - Mexican One-seed Juniper Juniperus ashei - Ashe Juniper Juniperus barbadensis - West Indies Juniper Juniperus bermudiana - Bermuda Juniper Juniperus blancoi'' - Blanco's Juniper Juniperus californica - California Juniper Juniperus chinensis - Chinese Juniper Juniperus chinensis volt-ampere. sargentii - Sargent's Juniper Juniperus coahuilensis - Coahuila Juniper Juniperus comitana - Comitán Juniper Juniperus convallium - Mekong Juniper Juniperus deppeana - Alligator Juniper Juniperus durangensis - Durango Juniper Juniperus excelsa - Greek Juniper Juniperus excelsa subsp. polycarpos - Persian Juniper Juniperus flaccida - Mexican Weeping Juniper Juniperus foetidissima - Stinking Juniper Juniperus gamboana - Gamboa Juniper Juniperus gaussenii - Gaussen's Juniper Juniperus horizontalis - Creeping Juniper Juniperus indica - Black Juniper Juniperus jaliscana - Jalisco Juniper Juniperus komarovii - Komarov's Juniper Juniperus monosperma - One-seed Juniper Juniperus monticola - Mountain Juniper Juniperus occidentalis - Western Juniper Juniperus occidentalis subsp. australis - Sierra Juniper Juniperus osteosperma - Utah Juniper Juniperus phoenicea - Phoenicean Juniper Juniperus pinchotii - Pinchot Juniper Juniperus procera - East African Juniper Juniperus procumbens - Ibuki Juniper Juniperus pseudosabina - Xinjiang Juniper Juniperus recurva - Himalayan Juniper Juniperus recurva volt-ampere. coxii - Cox's Juniper Juniperus sabina - Savin Juniper Juniperus sabina volt-ampere. davurica - Daurian Juniper Juniperus saltillensis - Saltillo Juniper Juniperus saltuaria - Sichuan Juniper Juniperus scopulorum - Rocky Mountain Juniper Juniperus semiglobosa - Russian Juniper Juniperus squamata - Flaky Juniper Juniperus standleyi - Standley's Juniper Juniperus thurifera - Spanish Juniper Juniperus tibetica - Tibetan Juniper Juniperus virginiana - Eastern Juniper Juniperus virginiana subsp. silicicola - Southern Juniper Juniperus wallichiana - Himalayan Black Juniper

Additional notes
A select few junipers come susceptible to Gymnosporangium rust disease, and can be a good condition for people growing Apples, the replacement persons of the disease.

A Rocky Mountain Juniper (J. scopulorum), A single-seed Juniper (J. monosperma), American Juniper (J. occidentalis), Utah Juniper (J. osteosperma) & California Juniper (J. californica) occur in the american United States. In a southwest United States there are iv additional mintage, including the Alligator Juniper (J. deppeana) by owning its heavy bark checkered into scaly squares.

Numerous of the earliest prehistoric population lived inside or even even touching juniper forests which furnished the children food, fuel, & wood for shelter or utensils. Numbers of mintage (like J. chinensis (Chinese Juniper, 柏) from either East Asia) are extensively utilized within landscaping & horticulture, it is too the symbol of longevity.

Juniper berries come utilized in the distillation of gin and the brewing of sahti.

A bit of junipers come periodically deceptively known as cedars, right a vulgar title for coinage in the genus Cedrus, family Pinaceae.